transferred game engine code to typescript

src/DataTypes/Collection.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export default interface Collection{
+	forEach(func: Function): void;
+}

src/DataTypes/Map.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import Collection from "./Collection";
+
+export default class Map<T> implements Collection{
+	private map: Record<string, T>;
+
+	constructor(){
+		this.map = {};
+	}
+
+	add(key: string, value: T): void {
+		this.map[key] = value;
+	}
+
+	get(key: string): T {
+		return this.map[key];
+	}
+
+	set(key: string, value: T): void {
+		this.add(key, value);
+	}
+
+	has(key: string): boolean {
+		return this.map[key] !== undefined;
+	}
+
+	keys(): Array<string> {
+		return Object.keys(this.map);
+	}
+	
+	forEach(func: Function): void {
+		Object.keys(this.map).forEach(key => func(key));
+	}
+}

src/DataTypes/Queue.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import Collection from "./Collection";
+
+export default class Queue<T> implements Collection{
+	readonly MAX_ELEMENTS: number;
+	private q: Array<T>;
+	private head: number;
+	private tail: number;
+
+    constructor(maxElements: number = 100){
+        this.MAX_ELEMENTS = maxElements;
+        this.q = new Array(this.MAX_ELEMENTS);
+        this.head = 0;
+        this.tail = 0;
+    }
+
+    enqueue(item: T): void{
+        if((this.tail + 1) % this.MAX_ELEMENTS === this.head){
+            throw "Queue full - cannot add element"
+        }
+
+        this.q[this.tail] = item;
+        this.tail = (this.tail + 1) % this.MAX_ELEMENTS;
+    }
+
+    dequeue(): T {
+        if(this.head === this.tail){
+            throw "Queue empty - cannot remove element"
+        }
+
+        let item = this.q[this.head];
+        this.head = (this.head + 1) % this.MAX_ELEMENTS;
+        
+        return item;
+    }
+
+    peekNext(): T {
+        if(this.head === this.tail){
+            throw "Queue empty - cannot get element"
+        }
+
+        let item = this.q[this.head];
+        
+        return item;
+    }
+
+    hasItems(): boolean {
+        return this.head !== this.tail;
+    }
+
+    clear(): void {
+        this.head = this.tail;
+    }
+
+    forEach(func: Function): void {
+        let i = this.head;
+        while(i !== this.tail){
+            func(this.q[i]);
+            i = (i + 1) % this.MAX_ELEMENTS;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/DataTypes/Stack.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import Collection from "./Collection";
+
+export default class Stack<T> implements Collection{
+	readonly MAX_ELEMENTS: number;
+	private stack: Array<T>;
+	private head: number;
+
+    constructor(maxElements: number = 100){
+        this.MAX_ELEMENTS = maxElements;
+        this.stack = new Array<T>(this.MAX_ELEMENTS);
+        this.head = -1;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Adds an item to the top of the stack
+     * @param {*} item The new item to add to the stack
+     */
+    push(item: T): void {
+        if(this.head + 1 === this.MAX_ELEMENTS){
+            throw "Stack full - cannot add element";
+        }
+        this.head += 1;
+        this.stack[this.head] = item;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes an item from the top of the stack
+     */
+    pop(): T{
+        if(this.head === -1){
+            throw "Stack empty - cannot remove element";
+        }
+        this.head -= 1;
+        return this.stack[this.head + 1];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all elements from the stack
+     */
+    clear(): void{
+        this.head = -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the element currently at the top of the stack
+     */
+    peek(): T {
+        if(this.head === -1){
+            throw "Stack empty - cannot get element";
+        }
+        return this.stack[this.head];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of items currently in the stack
+     */
+    size(): number {
+        return this.head + 1;
+    }
+
+    forEach(func: Function): void{
+        let i = 0;
+        while(i <= this.head){
+            func(this.stack[i]);
+            i += 1;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/DataTypes/Vec2.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+export default class Vec2{
+
+	public x : number;
+	public y : number;
+
+	constructor(x : number = 0, y : number = 0){
+		this.x = x;
+		this.y = y;
+	}
+
+	magSq() : number{
+		return this.x*this.x + this.y*this.y;
+	}
+
+	mag() : number {
+		return Math.sqrt(this.magSq());
+	}
+
+	normalize() : Vec2{
+		if(this.x === 0 && this.y === 0) return this;
+		let mag = this.mag();
+		this.x /= mag;
+		this.y /= mag;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	setToAngle(angle : number) : Vec2{
+		this.x = Math.cos(angle);
+		this.y = Math.sin(angle);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	scaleTo(magnitude : number) : Vec2{
+		return this.normalize().scale(magnitude);
+	}
+
+	scale(factor : number, yFactor : number = null) : Vec2{
+		if(yFactor !== null){
+			this.x *= factor;
+			this.y *= yFactor;
+			return this;
+		}
+		this.x *= factor;
+		this.y *= factor;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	rotate(angle : number) : Vec2{
+		let cs = Math.cos(angle);
+		let sn = Math.sin(angle);
+		let tempX = this.x*cs - this.y*sn;
+		let tempY = this.x*sn + this.y*cs;
+		this.x = tempX;
+		this.y = tempY;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	set(x : number, y : number) : Vec2{
+		this.x = x;
+		this.y = y;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	add(other : Vec2) : Vec2{
+		this.x += other.x;
+		this.y += other.y;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	sub(other : Vec2) : Vec2{
+		this.x -= other.x;
+		this.y -= other.y;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	toString() : string{
+		return "(" + this.x + ", " + this.y + ")";
+	}
+}

src/DataTypes/Vec4.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import Vec2 from "./Vec2";
+
+export default class Vec4{
+
+	public x : number;
+	public y : number;
+	public z : number;
+	public w : number;
+
+    constructor(x : number = 0, y : number = 0, z : number = 0, w : number = 0){
+        this.x = x;
+        this.y = y;
+        this.z = z;
+        this.w = w;
+    }
+
+    split() : [Vec2, Vec2]{
+        return [new Vec2(this.x, this.y), new Vec2(this.z, this.w)];
+    }
+}

src/Events/EventQueue.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import Queue from "../DataTypes/Queue";
+import Map from "../DataTypes/Map";
+import GameEvent from "./GameEvent";
+import Receiver from "./Receiver";
+
+export default class EventQueue {
+	private static instance: EventQueue = null;
+	private readonly MAX_SIZE: number;
+	private q: Queue<GameEvent>;
+	private receivers: Map<Array<Receiver>>
+
+    private constructor(){
+        this.MAX_SIZE = 100;
+        this.q = new Queue<GameEvent>(this.MAX_SIZE);
+        this.receivers = new Map<Array<Receiver>>();
+	}
+	
+	static getInstance(): EventQueue {
+		if(this.instance === null){
+			this.instance = new EventQueue();
+		}
+		
+		return this.instance;
+	}
+
+    addEvent(event: GameEvent): void {
+        this.q.enqueue(event);
+    }
+
+    subscribe(receiver: Receiver, type: string | Array<string>): void {
+        if(type instanceof Array){
+            // If it is an array, subscribe to all event types
+            for(let t of type){
+                this.addListener(receiver, t);
+            }
+        } else {
+            this.addListener(receiver, type);
+        }
+	}
+
+	private addListener(receiver: Receiver, type: string): void {
+		if(this.receivers.has(type)){
+			this.receivers.get(type).push(receiver);
+		} else {
+			this.receivers.add(type, [receiver]);
+		}
+	}
+	
+    update(deltaT: number): void{
+        while(this.q.hasItems()){
+			let event = this.q.dequeue();
+			
+            if(this.receivers.has(event.type)){
+                for(let receiver of this.receivers.get(event.type)){
+                    receiver.receive(event);
+                }
+			}
+			
+            if(this.receivers.has("all")){
+                for(let receiver of this.receivers.get("all")){
+                    receiver.receive(event);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Events/GameEvent.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import Map from "../DataTypes/Map"
+
+export default class GameEvent{
+	public type: string;
+	public data: Map<any>;
+	public time: number;
+
+    constructor(type: string, data: Map<any> | Record<string, any> = null){
+        if (data === null) {
+            this.data = new Map<any>();
+        } else if (!(data instanceof Map)){
+            // data is a raw object, unpack
+            this.data = new Map<any>();
+            for(let key in data){
+                this.data.add(key, data[key]);
+            }
+        } else {
+            this.data = data;
+        }
+
+        this.type = type;
+        this.time = Date.now();
+    }
+
+    toString(): string {
+        return this.type + ": @" + this.time;
+    }
+}

src/Events/Receiver.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import Queue from "../DataTypes/Queue";
+import GameEvent from "./GameEvent";
+
+export default class Receiver{
+	readonly MAX_SIZE: number;
+	private q: Queue<GameEvent>;
+
+	constructor(){
+		this.MAX_SIZE = 100;
+        this.q = new Queue(this.MAX_SIZE);
+	}
+
+	receive(event: GameEvent): void {
+		this.q.enqueue(event);
+	}
+
+	getNextEvent(): GameEvent {
+		return this.q.dequeue();
+	}
+
+	peekNextEvent(): GameEvent {
+		return this.q.peekNext()
+	}
+
+	hasNextEvent(): boolean {
+		return this.q.hasItems();
+	}
+
+	ignoreEvents(): void {
+		this.q.clear();
+	}
+}

src/GameState/GameState.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import Stack from "../DataTypes/Stack";
+import Scene from "./Scene";
+
+export default class GameState{
+	private sceneStack: Stack<Scene>;
+
+    constructor(){
+        this.sceneStack = new Stack(10);
+    }
+
+    addScene(scene: Scene, pauseScenesBelow: boolean = true): void {
+        this.sceneStack.forEach((scene: Scene) => scene.setPaused(pauseScenesBelow));
+        this.sceneStack.push(scene);
+    }
+
+    removeScene(startNewTopScene: boolean = true): void {
+        this.sceneStack.pop();
+        this.sceneStack.peek().setPaused(!startNewTopScene);
+    }
+
+    changeScene(scene: Scene): void {
+        this.sceneStack.clear();
+        this.sceneStack.push(scene);
+    }
+
+    update(deltaT: number): void {
+        this.sceneStack.forEach((scene: Scene) => scene.update(deltaT));
+    }
+
+    render(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D): void {
+        this.sceneStack.forEach((scene: Scene) => scene.render(ctx));
+    }
+}

src/GameState/Scene.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import Vec2 from "../DataTypes/Vec2";
+import Viewport from "../SceneGraph/Viewport";
+import SceneGraph from "../SceneGraph/SceneGraph";
+import SceneGraphArray from "../SceneGraph/SceneGraphArray";
+import GameNode from "../Nodes/GameNode";
+
+export default class Scene{
+	private viewport: Viewport
+	private worldSize: Vec2;
+	private sceneGraph: SceneGraph;
+	private paused: boolean;
+
+    constructor(){
+        this.viewport = new Viewport();
+        this.viewport.setSize(800, 500);
+        // TODO: Find a way to make this not a hard-coded value
+        this.worldSize = new Vec2(1600, 1000);
+        this.viewport.setBounds(0, 0, 1600, 1000);
+        this.sceneGraph = new SceneGraphArray(this.viewport);
+        this.paused = false;
+    }
+
+    setPaused(pauseValue: boolean): void {
+        this.paused = pauseValue;
+    }
+
+    isPaused(): boolean {
+        return this.paused;
+    }
+    
+    getViewport(): Viewport {
+        return this.viewport;
+    }
+
+    add(children: Array<GameNode> | GameNode): void {
+        if(children instanceof Array){
+            for(let child of children){
+                this.sceneGraph.addNode(child);
+            }
+        } else {
+            this.sceneGraph.addNode(children);
+        }
+    }
+
+    update(deltaT: number): void {
+        if(!this.paused){
+            this.viewport.update(deltaT);
+            this.sceneGraph.update(deltaT);
+        }
+    }
+
+    render(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D): void {
+        let visibleSet = this.sceneGraph.getVisibleSet();
+        visibleSet.forEach(node => node.render(ctx, this.viewport.getPosition(), this.viewport.getSize()));
+    }
+}

src/Input/InputHandler.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import EventQueue from "../Events/EventQueue";
+import Vec2 from "../DataTypes/Vec2";
+import GameEvent from "../Events/GameEvent";
+
+export default class InputHandler{
+	private eventQueue: EventQueue;
+	 
+    constructor(canvas: HTMLCanvasElement){
+		this.eventQueue = EventQueue.getInstance();
+		
+        canvas.onmousedown = (event) => this.handleMouseDown(event, canvas);
+        canvas.onmouseup = (event) => this.handleMouseUp(event, canvas);
+        document.onkeydown = this.handleKeyDown;
+        document.onkeyup = this.handleKeyUp;
+    }
+
+    private handleMouseDown = (event: MouseEvent, canvas: HTMLCanvasElement): void => {
+		let pos = this.getMousePosition(event, canvas);
+        let gameEvent = new GameEvent("mouse_down", {position: pos});
+        this.eventQueue.addEvent(gameEvent);
+    }
+
+    private handleMouseUp = (event: MouseEvent, canvas: HTMLCanvasElement): void => {
+        let pos = this.getMousePosition(event, canvas);
+        let gameEvent = new GameEvent("mouse_up", {position: pos});
+        this.eventQueue.addEvent(gameEvent);
+    }
+
+    private handleKeyDown = (event: KeyboardEvent): void => {
+        let key = this.getKey(event);
+        let gameEvent = new GameEvent("key_down", {key: key});
+        this.eventQueue.addEvent(gameEvent);
+    }
+
+    private handleKeyUp = (event: KeyboardEvent): void => {
+        let key = this.getKey(event);
+        let gameEvent = new GameEvent("key_up", {key: key});
+        this.eventQueue.addEvent(gameEvent);
+    }
+
+    private getKey(keyEvent: KeyboardEvent){
+        return keyEvent.key.toLowerCase();
+    }
+
+    private getMousePosition(mouseEvent: MouseEvent, canvas: HTMLCanvasElement): Vec2 {
+        let rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
+        let x = mouseEvent.clientX - rect.left;
+        let y = mouseEvent.clientY - rect.top;
+        return new Vec2(x, y);
+    }
+}

src/Input/InputReceiver.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import Receiver from "../Events/Receiver";
+import Map from "../DataTypes/Map";
+import Vec2 from "../DataTypes/Vec2";
+import EventQueue from "../Events/EventQueue";
+
+export default class InputReceiver{
+	private static instance: InputReceiver = null;
+
+	private mousePressed: boolean;
+	private mouseJustPressed: boolean;
+	private keyJustPressed: Map<boolean>;
+	private keyPressed: Map<boolean>;
+	private mousePressPosition: Vec2;
+	private eventQueue: EventQueue;
+	private receiver: Receiver;
+
+	private constructor(){
+		this.mousePressed = false;
+		this.mouseJustPressed = false;
+		this.receiver = new Receiver();
+		this.keyJustPressed = new Map<boolean>();
+		this.keyPressed = new Map<boolean>();
+		this.mousePressPosition = null;
+
+		this.eventQueue = EventQueue.getInstance();
+		this.eventQueue.subscribe(this.receiver, ["mouse_down", "mouse_up", "key_down", "key_up"]);
+	}
+
+	static getInstance(): InputReceiver{
+		if(this.instance === null){
+			this.instance = new InputReceiver();
+		}
+		return this.instance;
+	}
+
+	update(deltaT: number): void {
+		// Reset the justPressed values to false
+		this.mouseJustPressed = false;
+		this.keyJustPressed.forEach((key: string) => this.keyJustPressed.set(key, false));
+
+		while(this.receiver.hasNextEvent()){
+			let event = this.receiver.getNextEvent();
+			if(event.type === "mouse_down"){
+				this.mouseJustPressed = true;
+				this.mousePressed = true;
+				this.mousePressPosition = event.data.get("position");	
+			}
+
+			if(event.type === "mouse_up"){
+				this.mousePressed = false;
+			}
+
+			if(event.type === "key_down"){
+				let key = event.data.get("key")
+				this.keyJustPressed.set(key, true);
+				this.keyPressed.set(key, true);
+			}
+
+			if(event.type === "key_up"){
+				let key = event.data.get("key")
+				this.keyPressed.set(key, false);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	isJustPressed(key: string): boolean {
+		if(this.keyJustPressed.has(key)){
+			return this.keyJustPressed.get(key)
+		} else {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	isPressed(key: string): boolean {
+		if(this.keyPressed.has(key)){
+			return this.keyPressed.get(key)
+		} else {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	isMouseJustPressed(): boolean {
+		return this.mouseJustPressed;
+	}
+
+	isMousePressed(): boolean {
+		return this.mousePressed;
+	}
+
+	getMousePressPosition(): Vec2 {
+		return this.mousePressPosition;
+	}
+}

src/Loop/GameLoop.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import EventQueue from "../Events/EventQueue";
+import InputReceiver from "../Input/InputReceiver";
+import InputHandler from "../Input/InputHandler";
+import Recorder from "../Playback/Recorder";
+import GameState from "../GameState/GameState";
+
+export default class GameLoop{
+	// The amount of time to spend on a physics step
+	private maxFPS: number;
+	private simulationTimestep: number;
+
+	// The time when the last frame was drawn
+	private lastFrameTime: number;
+
+	// The current frame of the game
+	private frame: number;
+
+	// Keeping track of the fps
+	private runningFrameSum: number;
+	private numFramesInSum: number;
+	private maxFramesInSum: number;
+	private fps: number;
+
+	private started: boolean;
+	private running: boolean;
+	private frameDelta: number;
+
+	readonly GAME_CANVAS: HTMLCanvasElement;
+	readonly WIDTH: number;
+	readonly HEIGHT: number;
+	private ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D;
+	private eventQueue: EventQueue;
+	private inputHandler: InputHandler;
+	private inputReceiver: InputReceiver;
+	private recorder: Recorder;
+	private gameState: GameState;
+
+    constructor(){
+        this.maxFPS = 60;
+        this.simulationTimestep = Math.floor(1000/this.maxFPS);
+        this.frame = 0;
+        this.runningFrameSum = 0;
+        this.numFramesInSum = 0;
+        this.maxFramesInSum = 30;
+        this.fps = this.maxFPS;
+
+        this.started = false;
+        this.running = false;
+
+        this.GAME_CANVAS = document.getElementById("game-canvas") as HTMLCanvasElement;
+        this.GAME_CANVAS.style.setProperty("background-color", "whitesmoke");
+    
+        this.WIDTH = 800;
+        this.HEIGHT = 500;
+        this.ctx = this.initializeCanvas(this.GAME_CANVAS, this.WIDTH, this.HEIGHT);
+
+        this.eventQueue = EventQueue.getInstance();
+        this.inputHandler = new InputHandler(this.GAME_CANVAS);
+        this.inputReceiver = InputReceiver.getInstance();
+        this.recorder = new Recorder();
+        this.gameState = new GameState();
+    }
+
+    private initializeCanvas(canvas: HTMLCanvasElement, width: number, height: number): CanvasRenderingContext2D {
+        canvas.width = width;
+        canvas.height = height;
+        return canvas.getContext("2d");
+    }
+
+    setMaxFPS(initMax: number): void {
+        this.maxFPS = initMax;
+        this.simulationTimestep = Math.floor(1000/this.maxFPS);
+    }
+
+    getGameState(): GameState {
+        return this.gameState;
+    }
+
+    private renderFPS(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D): void {
+        ctx.fillStyle = "black";
+		ctx.font = "30px Arial"
+		ctx.fillText(this.fps.toFixed(1), 5, 5 + 30);
+    }
+
+    private updateFrameCount(timestep: number): void {
+        this.frame += 1;
+        this.numFramesInSum += 1;
+        this.runningFrameSum += timestep;
+        if(this.numFramesInSum >= this.maxFramesInSum){
+            this.fps = 1000 * this.numFramesInSum / this.runningFrameSum;
+            this.numFramesInSum = 0;
+            this.runningFrameSum = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    start(): void {
+        if(!this.started){
+            this.started = true;
+
+            window.requestAnimationFrame(this.startFrame);
+        }
+    }
+
+    startFrame = (timestamp: number): void => {
+        this.running = true;
+
+        this.render();
+
+        this.lastFrameTime = timestamp;
+
+        window.requestAnimationFrame(this.doFrame);
+    }
+
+    doFrame = (timestamp: number): void => {
+        // Request animation frame to prepare for another update or render
+        window.requestAnimationFrame(this.doFrame);
+
+        // If we are trying to update too soon, return and do nothing
+        if(timestamp < this.lastFrameTime + this.simulationTimestep){
+            return
+        }
+
+        // Currently, update and draw are synced - eventually it would probably be good to desync these
+        this.frameDelta = timestamp - this.lastFrameTime;
+        this.lastFrameTime = timestamp;
+
+        // Update while we can (This will present problems if we leave the window)
+        let i = 0;
+        while(this.frameDelta >= this.simulationTimestep){
+            this.update(this.simulationTimestep/1000);
+            this.frameDelta -= this.simulationTimestep;
+
+            // Update the frame of the game
+            this.updateFrameCount(this.simulationTimestep);
+        }
+
+        // Updates are done, draw
+        this.render();
+    }
+
+    update(deltaT: number): void {
+        this.eventQueue.update(deltaT);
+        this.inputReceiver.update(deltaT);
+        this.recorder.update(deltaT);
+        this.gameState.update(deltaT);
+    }
+
+    render(): void {
+        this.ctx.clearRect(0, 0, this.WIDTH, this.HEIGHT);
+        this.gameState.render(this.ctx);
+        this.renderFPS(this.ctx);
+    }
+}

src/Nodes/ColoredCircle.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import GameNode from "./GameNode";
+import Color from "../Utils/Color";
+import Vec2 from "../DataTypes/Vec2";
+import RandUtils from "../Utils/RandUtils";
+
+export default class ColoredCircle extends GameNode{
+	private color: Color;
+
+    constructor(){
+        super();
+        this.position = new Vec2(RandUtils.randInt(0, 1000), RandUtils.randInt(0, 1000));
+        this.color = RandUtils.randColor();
+        console.log(this.color.toStringRGB());
+        this.size = new Vec2(50, 50);
+    }
+
+    update(deltaT: number): void {}
+
+    render(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, viewportOrigin: Vec2, viewportSize: Vec2){
+        ctx.fillStyle = this.color.toStringRGB();
+        ctx.beginPath();
+        ctx.arc(this.position.x + this.size.x/2 - viewportOrigin.x, this.position.y + this.size.y/2 - viewportOrigin.y, this.size.x/2, 0, Math.PI*2, false);
+        ctx.fill();
+        ctx.closePath();
+    }
+}

src/Nodes/GameNode.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import EventQueue from "../Events/EventQueue";
+import InputReceiver from "../Input/InputReceiver";
+import Vec2 from "../DataTypes/Vec2";
+
+export default abstract class GameNode{
+	protected eventQueue: EventQueue;
+	protected input: InputReceiver;
+	protected position: Vec2;
+	protected size: Vec2;
+
+	constructor(){
+		this.eventQueue = EventQueue.getInstance();
+		this.input = InputReceiver.getInstance();
+		this.position = new Vec2(0, 0);
+		this.size = new Vec2(0, 0);
+	}
+	
+	getPosition(): Vec2 {
+		return this.position;
+	}
+
+	getSize(): Vec2 {
+		return this.size;
+	}
+
+	contains(x: number, y: number): boolean {
+		if(x > this.position.x && x < this.position.x + this.size.x){
+			if(y > this.position.y && y < this.position.y + this.size.y){
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	abstract update(deltaT: number): void;
+
+	abstract render(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, viewportOrigin: Vec2, viewportSize: Vec2): void;
+}

src/Nodes/Player.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import GameNode from "./GameNode";
+import Vec2 from "../DataTypes/Vec2";
+
+export default class Player extends GameNode{
+	velocity: Vec2;
+	speed: number;
+
+	constructor(){
+		super();
+		this.velocity = new Vec2(0, 0);
+		this.speed = 300;
+		this.size = new Vec2(50, 50);
+	};
+
+	update(deltaT: number): void {
+		let dir = new Vec2(0, 0);
+		dir.x += this.input.isPressed('a') ? -1 : 0;
+		dir.x += this.input.isPressed('d') ? 1 : 0;
+		dir.y += this.input.isPressed('s') ? 1 : 0;
+		dir.y += this.input.isPressed('w') ? -1 : 0;
+
+		dir.normalize();
+
+		this.velocity = dir.scale(this.speed);
+		this.position = this.position.add(this.velocity.scale(deltaT));
+	}
+
+	render(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, viewportOrigin: Vec2, viewportSize: Vec2){
+		ctx.fillStyle = "#FF0000";
+		ctx.fillRect(this.position.x - viewportOrigin.x, this.position.y - viewportOrigin.y, this.size.x, this.size.y);
+	}
+}

src/Nodes/UIElement.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+import GameNode from "./GameNode";
+import Color from "../Utils/Color";
+import Vec2 from "../DataTypes/Vec2";
+import GameEvent from "../Events/GameEvent";
+
+export default class UIElement extends GameNode{
+	parent: GameNode;
+	children: Array<GameNode>;
+	text: string;
+	backgroundColor: Color;
+	textColor: Color;
+	onPress: Function;
+	onPressSignal: string;
+	onHover: Function;
+
+	constructor(){
+		super();
+		
+		this.parent = null;
+		this.children = [];
+		this.text = "";
+		this.backgroundColor = new Color(0, 0, 0, 0);
+		this.textColor = new Color(0, 0, 0, 1);
+
+		this.onPress = null;
+		this.onPressSignal = null;
+
+		this.onHover = null;
+	}
+
+	setPosition(vecOrX: Vec2 | number, y: number = null): void {
+		if(vecOrX instanceof Vec2){
+			this.position.set(vecOrX.x, vecOrX.y);
+		} else {
+			this.position.set(vecOrX, y);
+		}
+	}
+
+	setSize(vecOrX: Vec2 | number, y: number = null): void {
+		if(vecOrX instanceof Vec2){
+			this.size.set(vecOrX.x, vecOrX.y);
+		} else {
+			this.size.set(vecOrX, y);
+		}
+	}
+
+	setText(text: string): void {
+		this.text = text;
+	}
+
+	setBackgroundColor(color: Color): void {
+		this.backgroundColor = color;
+	}
+
+	setTextColor(color: Color): void {
+		this.textColor = color;
+	}
+
+	update(deltaT: number): void {
+		if(this.input.isMouseJustPressed()){
+			let mousePos =  this.input.getMousePressPosition();
+			if(mousePos.x >= this.position.x && mousePos.x <= this.position.x + this.size.x){
+				// Inside x bounds
+				if(mousePos.y >= this.position.y && mousePos.y <= this.position.y + this.size.y){
+					// Inside element
+					if(this.onHover !== null){
+						this.onHover();
+					}
+
+					if(this.onPress !== null){
+						this.onPress();
+					}
+					if(this.onPressSignal !== null){
+						let event = new GameEvent(this.onPressSignal, {});
+						this.eventQueue.addEvent(event);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	render(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, viewportOrigin: Vec2, viewportSize: Vec2){
+		ctx.fillStyle = this.backgroundColor.toStringRGBA();
+		ctx.fillRect(this.position.x - viewportOrigin.x, this.position.y - viewportOrigin.y, this.size.x, this.size.y);
+		ctx.fillStyle = this.textColor.toStringRGBA();
+		ctx.font = "30px Arial"
+		ctx.fillText(this.text, this.position.x - viewportOrigin.x, this.position.y - viewportOrigin.y + 30);
+	}
+}

src/Playback/Recorder.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import Queue from "../DataTypes/Queue";
+import Receiver from "../Events/Receiver";
+import GameEvent from "../Events/GameEvent";
+import EventQueue from "../Events/EventQueue";
+
+export default class Recorder{
+	private receiver: Receiver;
+	private log: Queue<LogItem>;
+	private recording: boolean;
+	private eventQueue: EventQueue;
+	private frame: number;
+	private playing: boolean;
+
+	constructor(){
+		this.receiver = new Receiver();
+		this.log = new Queue(1000);
+		this.recording = false;
+		this.playing = false;
+		this.frame = 0;
+
+		this.eventQueue = EventQueue.getInstance();
+		this.eventQueue.subscribe(this.receiver, "all");
+	}
+
+	update(deltaT: number): void {
+		if(this.recording){
+			this.frame += 1;
+		}
+
+		if(this.playing){
+			// If playing, ignore events, just feed the record to the event queue
+			this.receiver.ignoreEvents();
+
+			/*
+				While there is a next item, and while it should occur in this frame,
+				send the event. i.e., while current_frame * current_delta_t is greater
+				than recorded_frame * recorded_delta_t
+			*/
+			while(this.log.hasItems()
+					&& this.log.peekNext().frame * this.log.peekNext().delta < this.frame * deltaT){
+				let event = this.log.dequeue().event;
+				console.log(event);
+				this.eventQueue.addEvent(event);
+			}
+
+			if(!this.log.hasItems()){
+				this.playing = false;
+			}
+
+			this.frame += 1;
+		} else {
+			// If not playing, handle events
+			while(this.receiver.hasNextEvent()){
+				let event = this.receiver.getNextEvent();
+
+				if(event.type === "stop_button_press"){
+					this.recording = false;
+				}
+
+				if(this.recording){
+					this.log.enqueue(new LogItem(this.frame, deltaT, event));
+				}
+
+				if(event.type === "record_button_press"){
+					this.log.clear();
+					this.recording = true;
+					this.frame = 0
+				}
+
+				if(event.type === "play_button_press"){
+					this.frame = 0;
+					this.recording = false;
+					this.playing = true;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+class LogItem {
+	frame: number;
+	delta: number;
+	event: GameEvent;
+
+	constructor(frame: number, deltaT: number, event: GameEvent){
+		this.frame = frame;
+		this.delta = deltaT;
+		this.event = event;
+	}
+}

src/SceneGraph/SceneGraph.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import Viewport from "./Viewport";
+import GameNode from "../Nodes/GameNode";
+import Map from "../DataTypes/Map";
+import Vec2 from "../DataTypes/Vec2";
+
+export default abstract class SceneGraph{
+	protected viewport: Viewport;
+	protected nodeMap: Map<GameNode>;
+	protected idCounter: number;
+
+    constructor(viewport: Viewport){
+		this.viewport = viewport;
+		this.nodeMap = new Map<GameNode>();
+		this.idCounter = 0;
+    }
+
+    addNode(node: GameNode): number {
+		this.nodeMap.add(this.idCounter.toString(), node);
+		this.addNodeSpecific(node, this.idCounter.toString());
+		this.idCounter += 1;
+		return this.idCounter - 1;
+	};
+
+	protected abstract addNodeSpecific(node: GameNode, id: string): void;
+
+    removeNode(node: GameNode): void {
+		// Find and remove node in O(n)
+		// TODO: Can this be better?
+		let id = this.nodeMap.keys().filter((key: string) => this.nodeMap.get(key) === node)[0];
+		if(id !== undefined){
+			this.nodeMap.set(id, undefined);
+			this.removeNodeSpecific(node, id);
+		}
+	};
+
+	protected abstract removeNodeSpecific(node: GameNode, id: string): void;
+
+	getNode(id: string): GameNode{
+		return this.nodeMap.get(id);
+	};
+
+    getNodeAt(vecOrX: Vec2 | number, y: number = null): GameNode{
+		if(vecOrX instanceof Vec2){
+			return this.getNodeAtCoords(vecOrX.x, vecOrX.y);
+		} else {
+			return this.getNodeAtCoords(vecOrX, y);
+		}
+	}
+    
+    protected abstract getNodeAtCoords(x: number, y: number): GameNode;
+    
+    abstract update(deltaT: number): void;
+
+    abstract getVisibleSet(): Array<GameNode>;
+}

src/SceneGraph/SceneGraphArray.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import SceneGraph from "./SceneGraph";
+import GameNode from "../Nodes/GameNode";
+import Viewport from "./Viewport";
+
+export default class SceneGraphArray extends SceneGraph{
+	private nodeList: Array<GameNode>;
+	private turnOffViewportCulling_demoTool: boolean;
+
+    constructor(viewport: Viewport){
+        super(viewport);
+
+        this.nodeList = new Array<GameNode>();
+        this.turnOffViewportCulling_demoTool = false;
+    }
+
+    setViewportCulling_demoTool(bool: boolean): void {
+        this.turnOffViewportCulling_demoTool = bool;
+    }
+
+    addNodeSpecific(node: GameNode, id: string): void {
+        this.nodeList.push(node);
+    }
+
+    removeNodeSpecific(node: GameNode, id: string): void {
+        let index = this.nodeList.indexOf(node);
+        if(index > -1){
+            this.nodeList.splice(index, 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    getNodeAtCoords(x: number, y: number): GameNode {
+        // TODO: This only returns the first node found. There is no notion of z coordinates
+        for(let node of this.nodeList){
+            if(node.contains(x, y)){
+                return node;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    update(deltaT: number): void {
+        for(let node of this.nodeList){
+            node.update(deltaT);
+        }
+    }
+
+    getVisibleSet(): Array<GameNode> {
+        // If viewport culling is turned off for demonstration
+        if(this.turnOffViewportCulling_demoTool){
+            let visibleSet = new Array<GameNode>();
+            for(let node of this.nodeList){
+                visibleSet.push(node);
+            }
+            return visibleSet;
+        }
+
+        let visibleSet = new Array<GameNode>();
+
+        for(let node of this.nodeList){
+            if(this.viewport.includes(node)){
+                visibleSet.push(node);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return visibleSet;
+    }
+}

src/SceneGraph/Viewport.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import Vec2 from "../DataTypes/Vec2";
+import Vec4 from "../DataTypes/Vec4";
+import GameNode from "../Nodes/GameNode";
+import MathUtils from "../Utils/MathUtils";
+
+export default class Viewport{
+	private position: Vec2;
+	private size: Vec2;
+	private bounds: Vec4;
+	private following: GameNode;
+
+    constructor(){
+        this.position = new Vec2(0, 0);
+        this.size = new Vec2(0, 0);
+        this.bounds = new Vec4(0, 0, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    getPosition(): Vec2 {
+        return this.position;
+    }
+
+    setPosition(vecOrX: Vec2 | number, y: number = null): void {
+		if(vecOrX instanceof Vec2){
+			this.position.set(vecOrX.x, vecOrX.y);
+		} else {
+			this.position.set(vecOrX, y);
+		}
+    }
+
+    getSize(): Vec2{
+        return this.size;
+    }
+    
+    setSize(vecOrX: Vec2 | number, y: number = null): void {
+		if(vecOrX instanceof Vec2){
+			this.size.set(vecOrX.x, vecOrX.y);
+		} else {
+			this.size.set(vecOrX, y);
+		}
+    }
+    
+    includes(node: GameNode): boolean {
+        let nodePos = node.getPosition();
+        let nodeSize = node.getSize();
+        if(nodePos.x + nodeSize.x > this.position.x && nodePos.x < this.position.x + this.size.x){
+            if(nodePos.y + nodeSize.y > this.position.y && nodePos.y < this.position.y + this.size.y){
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+	// TODO: Put some error handling on this for trying to make the bounds too small for the viewport
+	// TODO: This should probably be done automatically, or should consider the aspect ratio or something
+    setBounds(lowerX: number, lowerY: number, upperX: number, upperY: number): void {
+        this.bounds = new Vec4(lowerX, lowerY, upperX, upperY);
+    }
+
+    follow(node: GameNode): void {
+        this.following = node;
+    }
+
+    update(deltaT: number): void {
+        if(this.following){
+            this.position.x = this.following.getPosition().x - this.size.x/2;
+            this.position.y = this.following.getPosition().y - this.size.y/2;
+            let [min, max] = this.bounds.split();
+            this.position.x = MathUtils.clamp(this.position.x, min.x, max.x - this.size.x/2);
+            this.position.y = MathUtils.clamp(this.position.y, min.y, max.y - this.size.y/2);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Utils/Color.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import MathUtils from "./MathUtils";
+
+export default class Color{
+	public r: number;
+	public g: number;
+	public b: number;
+	public a: number;
+
+	constructor(r: number = 0, g: number = 0, b: number = 0, a: number = null){
+        this.r = r;
+        this.g = g;
+        this.b = b;
+        this.a = a;
+	}
+	
+	toString(): string{
+		return "#" + MathUtils.toHex(this.r, 2) + MathUtils.toHex(this.g, 2) + MathUtils.toHex(this.b, 2);
+	}
+
+	toStringRGB(){
+		return "rgb(" + this.r.toString() + ", " + this.g.toString() + ", " + this.b.toString() + ")";
+	}
+
+	toStringRGBA(){
+		if(this.a === null){
+			throw "No alpha value assigned to color";
+		}
+		return "rgb(" + this.r.toString() + ", " + this.g.toString() + ", " + this.b.toString() + ", " + this.a.toString() +")"
+	}
+}

src/Utils/MathUtils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+export default class MathUtils{
+    static clamp(x: number, min: number, max: number): number{
+        if(x < min) return min;
+        if(x > max) return max;
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    static toHex(num: number, minLength: number = null): string{
+        let factor = 1;
+        while(factor*16 < num){
+            factor *= 16;
+        }
+        let hexStr = "";
+        while(num > 0){
+            let digit = Math.floor(num/factor);
+            hexStr += MathUtils.toHexDigit(digit);
+            num -= digit * factor;
+            factor /= 16;
+		}
+		
+		if(minLength !== null){
+			while(hexStr.length < minLength){
+				hexStr = "0" + hexStr;
+			}
+		}
+
+        return hexStr;
+    }
+
+    static toHexDigit(num: number): string{
+        if(num < 10){
+            return "" + num;
+        } else {
+            return String.fromCharCode(65 + num - 10);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Utils/RandUtils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import MathUtils from "./MathUtils";
+import Color from "./Color";
+
+export default class RandUtils{
+	static randInt(min: number, max: number): number{
+        return Math.floor(Math.random()*(max - min) + min);
+    }
+    
+    static randHex(min: number, max: number): string{
+        return MathUtils.toHex(RandUtils.randInt(min, max));
+    }
+
+	static randColor(): Color{
+        let r = RandUtils.randInt(0, 256);
+        let g = RandUtils.randInt(0, 256);
+        let b = RandUtils.randInt(0, 256);
+        return new Color(r, g, b);
+    }
+}

src/greet.ts

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-export function sayHello(name: string){
-    return `Hello from ${name}`;
-}

src/index.html

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
-    <head>
-        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
-        <title>Hello World!</title>
-    </head>
-    <body>
-        <p id="greeting">Loading ...</p>
-        <script src="bundle.js"></script>
-    </body>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <title>Hello World!</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <canvas id="game-canvas"></canvas>
+    <script src="bundle.js"></script>
+  </body>
 </html>

src/main.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,89 @@
-import { sayHello } from './greet';
+import GameLoop from "./Loop/GameLoop";
+import Scene from "./GameState/Scene";
+import Player from "./Nodes/Player";
+import UIElement from "./Nodes/UIElement";
+import ColoredCircle from "./Nodes/ColoredCircle";
+import Color from "./Utils/Color";
 
-function showHello(divName: string, name: string) {
-    const elt = document.getElementById(divName);
-    elt.innerText = sayHello(name);
+function main(){
+    // Create the game object
+    let game = new GameLoop();
+
+    let mainScene = new Scene();
+    let pauseMenu = new Scene();
+
+    // Initialize GameObjects
+    let player = new Player();
+
+    let recordButton = new UIElement();
+    recordButton.setSize(100, 50);
+    recordButton.setText("Record");
+    recordButton.setBackgroundColor(new Color(200, 100, 0, 0.3));
+    recordButton.setPosition(400, 30);
+    recordButton.onPressSignal = "record_button_press";
+
+    let stopButton = new UIElement();
+    stopButton.setSize(100, 50);
+    stopButton.setText("Stop");
+    stopButton.setBackgroundColor(new Color(200, 0, 0, 0.3));
+    stopButton.setPosition(550, 30);
+    stopButton.onPressSignal = "stop_button_press";
+
+    let playButton = new UIElement();
+    playButton.setSize(100, 50);
+    playButton.setText("Play");
+    playButton.setBackgroundColor(new Color(0, 200, 0, 0.3));
+    playButton.setPosition(700, 30);
+    playButton.onPressSignal = "play_button_press";
+
+    let cycleFramerateButton = new UIElement();
+    cycleFramerateButton.setSize(150, 50);
+    cycleFramerateButton.setText("Cycle FPS");
+    cycleFramerateButton.setBackgroundColor(new Color(200, 0, 200, 0.3));
+    cycleFramerateButton.setPosition(5, 400);
+    let i = 0;
+    let fps = [15, 30, 60];
+    cycleFramerateButton.onPress = () => {
+        game.setMaxFPS(fps[i]);
+        i = (i + 1) % 3;
+    }
+
+    let pauseButton = new UIElement();
+    pauseButton.setSize(100, 50);
+    pauseButton.setText("Pause");
+    pauseButton.setBackgroundColor(new Color(200, 0, 200, 1));
+    pauseButton.setPosition(700, 400);
+    pauseButton.onPress = () => {
+        game.getGameState().addScene(pauseMenu);
+    }
+
+    let modalBackground = new UIElement();
+    modalBackground.setSize(400, 200);
+    modalBackground.setBackgroundColor(new Color(0, 0, 0, 0.4));
+    modalBackground.setPosition(200, 100);
+
+    let resumeButton = new UIElement();
+    resumeButton.setSize(100, 50);
+    resumeButton.setText("Resume");
+    resumeButton.setBackgroundColor(new Color(200, 0, 200, 1));
+    resumeButton.setPosition(400, 200);
+    resumeButton.onPress = () => {
+        game.getGameState().removeScene();
+    }
+
+    let lotsOfCircs = [];
+    for(let i = 0; i < 10; i++){
+        lotsOfCircs.push(new ColoredCircle());
+    }
+
+
+    mainScene.add([...lotsOfCircs, player, recordButton, stopButton, playButton, cycleFramerateButton, pauseButton]);
+    mainScene.getViewport().follow(player);
+    pauseMenu.add([modalBackground, resumeButton]);
+
+    game.getGameState().changeScene(mainScene);
+
+    game.start();
 }
 
-showHello('greeting', 'TypeScript');
+main();

tsconfig.json

@@ -1,7 +1,40 @@
 {
     "files": [
         "src/main.ts",
-        "src/greet.ts"
+
+        "src/DataTypes/Collection.ts",
+        "src/DataTypes/Map.ts",
+        "src/DataTypes/Queue.ts",
+        "src/DataTypes/Stack.ts",
+        "src/DataTypes/Vec2.ts",
+        "src/DataTypes/Vec4.ts",
+
+        "src/Events/EventQueue.ts",
+        "src/Events/GameEvent.ts",
+        "src/Events/Receiver.ts",
+
+        "src/GameState/GameState.ts",
+        "src/GameState/Scene.ts",
+
+        "src/Input/InputHandler.ts",
+        "src/Input/InputReceiver.ts",
+        
+        "src/Loop/GameLoop.ts",
+
+        "src/Nodes/ColoredCircle.ts",
+        "src/Nodes/GameNode.ts",
+        "src/Nodes/Player.ts",
+        "src/Nodes/UIElement.ts",
+
+        "src/Playback/Recorder.ts",
+
+        "src/SceneGraph/SceneGraph.ts",
+        "src/SceneGraph/SceneGraphArray.ts",
+        "src/SceneGraph/Viewport.ts",
+        
+        "src/Utils/Color.ts",
+        "src/Utils/MathUtils.ts",
+        "src/Utils/RandUtils.ts"
     ],
     "compilerOptions": {
         "noImplicitAny": true,